| 2015-05-22 | A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for a right to an administrative appeal relating to adverse determinations of tax-exempt status of certain organizations.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-22 | A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for a right to an administrative appeal relating to adverse determinations of tax-exempt status of certain organizations.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-22 | In the nature of a substitute.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-22 | To strike the extension of the trade adjustment assistance program.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-05-22 | To require the approval of Congress before additional countries may join the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-22 | To prohibit the application of the trade authorities procedures to an implementing bill submitted with respect to a trade agreement that includes investor-state dispute settlement.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-22 | To make it a principal negotiating objective of the United States to address currency manipulation in trade agreements.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-22 | Of a perfecting nature.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-21 | In the nature of a substitute.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-18 | To establish consideration of the conditions relating to religious freedom of parties to trade negotiations as an overall negotiating objective of the United States.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-18 | To restore funding for the trade adjustment assistance program to the level established by the Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-05-14 | A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for a right to an administrative appeal relating to adverse determinations of tax-exempt status of certain organizations.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-12 | A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for a right to an administrative appeal relating to adverse determinations of tax-exempt status of certain organizations.H.R. 1314 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-05-05 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Conference Report | Yea | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-05-05 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-04-15 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-27 | An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2016 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2017 through 2025.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Concurrent Resolution | Yea | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-27 | To provide for sequestration replacement.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-27 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to providing a funding stream for a voter reinfranchisement initiative.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-27 | To prohibit increasing the public debt limit under reconciliation.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-27 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to expanding social security.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-27 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to ending Washington's illegal exemption from Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-27 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to construction of new facilities and improvements to existing facilities at the detention facilities at United States Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-27 | To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to prohibiting the designation of critical habitat.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-27 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to eliminating deductions for corporate compensation in excess of $1,000,000.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To modify the spending-neutral reserve fund reauthorizing funding for payments to counties and other units of local government to include the option of payment at levels roughly equivalent to property tax revenues lost due to the presence of Federal land.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to enacting middle class tax relief, including extending and expanding refundable tax credits, such as tax provisions and policies included in legislation like the Working Families Tax Relief Act, American Opportunity Tax Credit Permanence and Consolidation Act, Helping Working Families Afford Child Care Act, or the 21st Century Worker Tax Cut Act, among other legislation.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to deterring the migration of unaccompanied children from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To create a point of order against legislation that would use tax dollars to censor publicly-funded climate science.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to increase wages for American workers.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to ensuring all legally married same-sex spouses have equal access to the Social Security and veterans benefits they have earned and receive equal treatment under the law pursuant to the Constitution of the United States.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to prohibiting awarding of construction contracts based on awardees entering or not entering into agreements with labor organizations.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish and fund a new Federal-State partnership to expand access to high-quality preschool programs for children from low- and moderate-income families, offset with revenue from closing loopholes.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to protecting privately held water rights and permits.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to consumer fiancial protection.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to the regulation by the Environmental Protection Agency of greenhouse gas emissions, which may include a prohibition on withholding highway funds from States that refuse to submit State Implementation Plans required under the Clean Power Plan of the Agency.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to responding to the economic and national security threats posed by human-induced climate change, as highlighted by the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National Intelligence, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow for the permanent elimination of the Federal estate tax.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to providing reasonable accommodations for pregnant workers.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To improve the dynamic scoring provision.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To provide additional resources to reject the Senate Republicans' proposed $435 billion in cuts to Medicare.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to offsetting the costs of operations against the Islamic State.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to reimposing waived sanctions and imposing new sanctions against Iran for violations of the Joint Plan of Action or a comprehensive nuclear agreement.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to prohibiting funding of international organizations during the implementation of the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty prior to Senate ratification and adoption of implementing legislation.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to making it more difficult for corporations and billionaires to secretly influence elections by making unlimited undisclosed campaign expenditures, and to prevent such entities from evading campaign finance law, including through making false statements to government agencies.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to the disposal of certain Federal land.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to requiring the Federal Government to allow states to opt out of Common Core without penalty.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to provide tax benefits to patriot employers that invest in American jobs and provide fair pay and benefits to workers and to eliminate tax benefits for corporations that ship jobs overseas.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to protect the United States from an energy tax.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to transparency in health premium billing.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To provide additional resources to save student financial aid and keep college affordable for more than 8,000,000 low- and middle-income students by restoring the $89,000,000,000 in cuts to Federal Pell Grants in the Republican budget.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To provide additional resources to create the opportunity for more Americans to obtain a higher education and advanced job skills by supporting two free years of community college paid for by raising revenue through requiring millionaires and billionaires to pay their fair share.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to providing health care to veterans who reside more than 40 miles driving distance from the closest medical facility of the Department of Veterans Affairs that provides the care sought by the veteran.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund for legislation to allow Americans to earn paid sick time.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-26 | To increase new budget authority for fiscal years 2016 and 2017 and modify outlays for fiscal years 2016 through 2022 for National Defense (budget function 050) with offsets.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To increase new budget authority fiscal years 2016 and 2017 and modify outlays for fiscal years 2016 through 2022 for National Defense (budget function 050).S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To strike more than $1.2 trillion in cuts to Medicaid, preserving a critical source of comprehensive, affordable health and long-term care coverage for millions of otherwise uninsured low-income adults, parents, and seniors, including millions of nonelderly low-income adults in States that expanded Medicaid as part of health reform.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-26 | To prevent United States companies from getting tax benefits for moving jobs overseas, to end offshore tax loopholes including inversions, and to provide incentives for United States companies to relocate overseas jobs to the United States.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-03-26 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to promoting a substantial increase in the minimum wage.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-25 | To establish a deficit-neutral fund relating to supporting Israel.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-25 | To build on the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 by restoring a below-sequester level cut of $9,000,000,000 to nondefense discretionary spending in 2017, replacing sequestration in 2016 and 2017 and increasing funding above sequester levels by a total of $148,000,000,000 for the 2 years, increasing defense and nondefense discretionary spending above sequester levels by equal amounts, eliminating the overseas contingency operations gimmick contained in the committee-reported resolution, and offsetting the net increase in defense and nondefense discretionary spending by closing tax loopholes.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-25 | To create a point of order against legislation that would privatize Medicare, cut guaranteed benefits, increase out-of-pocket spending, or turn Medicare into a premium support plan.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-25 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to recognize that climate change is real and caused by human activity and that Congress needs to take action to cut carbon pollution.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-25 | To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund to keep the Federal Water Pollution Control Act focused on protection of water equality, to establish bright lines for Federal jurisdiction, and to create clear and unambiguous exemptions for features that the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, claim they are not seeking to regulate.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-25 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to keeping the Federal Water Pollution Control Act focused on protection of water quality, to establish bright lines for Federal jurisdiction, and to create clear and unambiguous exemptions for features that the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, claim they are not seeking to regulate.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-25 | To make college more affordable for middle-class families by allowing borrowers with outstanding Federal and private student loans to refinance at the equivalent interest rates that were offered to Federal student loan borrowers during the 2013-2014 school year and to fully offset the cost of such a program by requiring millionaires to pay at least a 30 percent effective Federal tax rate.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-24 | To raise taxes and spending by enacting President Obama's fiscal year 2016 budget.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-24 | To create a point of order against legislation that would cut benefits, raise the retirement age, or privatize social security.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-24 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to legislation submitted to Congress by President Obama to protect and strengthen Social Security.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-03-24 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to amending the Equal Pay Act of 1963 to allow for punitive damages, limit the any factor "other than sex" exception, and prohibit retaliation against employees who share salary information.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-24 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to promoting equal pay, which may include preventing discrimination on the basis of sex and preventing retaliation against employees for seeking or discussing wage information.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2015-03-24 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to improve health outcomes and lower the costs of caring for medically complex children in Medicaid.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-03-24 | To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to protect Medicaid beneficiaries from benefit cuts.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-03-24 | To create millions of middle class jobs by investing in our nation's infrastructure paid for by raising revenue through closing loopholes in the corporate and international tax system.S.Con.Res. 11 · 114th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-02 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Yea | Fiscal restraint |
| 2015-03-02 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-27 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-27 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-25 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-23 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-05 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-04 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2015-02-03 | A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, and for other purposes.H.R. 240 · 114th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2014-12-11 | An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to address the energy needs of the insular areas of the United States and Freely Associated States through the development of energy action plans aimed at promoting access to energyH.R. 83 · 113th Congress · On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment with an Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2014-12-03 | To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for other purposesH.R. 5769 · 113th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2014-09-18 | Jobs for America ActH.R. 4 · 113th Congress · On Passage | Did not vote | Not a yea/nay |
| 2014-09-18 | Jobs for America ActH.R. 4 · 113th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions | Did not vote | Direction not readable |
| 2014-09-17 | Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2015, and for other purposesH.J.Res. 124 · 113th Congress · On Passage | Yea | Fiscal expansion |
| 2014-09-17 | Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2015, and for other purposesH.J.Res. 124 · 113th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2014-09-17 | Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015H.J.Res. 124 · 113th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2014-09-16 | Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 124) making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2015, and for other purposesH.Res. 722 · 113th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution | Did not vote | Direction not readable |
| 2014-09-16 | Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 124) making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2015, and for other purposesH.Res. 722 · 113th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question | Did not vote | Direction not readable |
