Robert C. "Bobby" Scott on Climate & Energy

DemocratVA

Climate & Energy154 votes · 63/100 consistent

Climate actionFossil fuel priority

464 roll calls on this member’s record are tagged Climate & Energy. 154 of them counted toward the score above: 145 toward “Climate action” and 9 toward “Fossil fuel priority”.

The other 310 did not count: 310 were roll calls whose direction on this issue could not be read confidently — mostly procedural motions — and 0 were ones they did not cast a yea or nay on. They are listed below anyway, marked as not scored, because a filtered list of votes is not a voting record.

Date	What was voted on	Voted	Counted as
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Jobs and Energy Permitting Act of 2011H.R. 2021 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2021) to amend the Clean Air Act regarding air pollution from Outer Continental Shelf activities, and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1249) to amend title 35, United States Code, to provide for patent reformH.Res. 316 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Nay	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2021) to amend the Clean Air Act regarding air pollution from Outer Continental Shelf activities, and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1249) to amend title 35, United States Code, to provide for patent reformH.Res. 316 · 112th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Nay	Direction not readable
2011-06-22	Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2021) to amend the Clean Air Act regarding air pollution from Outer Continental Shelf activities, and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1249) to amend title 35, United States Code, to provide for patent reformH.Res. 316 · 112th Congress · On Question of Consideration of the Resolution	Nay	Direction not readable
2011-04-07	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Passage	Nay	Climate action
2011-04-07	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011H.R. 910 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Providing for consideration of (H.R. 910) to amend the Clean Air Act to prohibit the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from promulgating any regulation concerning, taking action relating to, or taking into consideration the emission of a greenhouse gas to address climate change, for other purposesH.Res. 203 · 112th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Nay	Direction not readable
2011-04-06	Providing for consideration of (H.R. 910) to amend the Clean Air Act to prohibit the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from promulgating any regulation concerning, taking action relating to, or taking into consideration the emission of a greenhouse gas to address climate change, for other purposesH.Res. 203 · 112th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Yea	Direction not readable
2011-03-31	To amend the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to clarify Congressional intent regarding the regulation of the use of pesticides in or near navigable waters, and for other purposesH.R. 872 · 112th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Nay	Climate action
2010-12-17	Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water ActS. 3874 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Direction not readable
2010-06-23	To give subpoena power to the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore DrillingH.R. 5481 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Climate action
2010-06-10	To amend the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 to authorize advances from Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund for the Deepwater Horizon oil spillS. 3473 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Climate action
2010-05-20	Granting the authority provided under clause 4(c)(3) of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives to the Committee on Education and Labor for purposes of its investigation into underground coal mining safetyH.Res. 1363 · 111th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Yea	Direction not readable
2010-05-20	Granting the authority provided under clause 4(c)(3) of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives to the Committee on Education and Labor for purposes of its investigation into underground coal mining safetyH.Res. 1363 · 111th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Yea	Direction not readable
2010-04-15	To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to reauthorize the National Estuary Program, and for other purposes.H.R. 4715 · 111th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2010-04-15	To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to reauthorize the National Estuary Program, and for other purposes.H.R. 4715 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Nay	Direction not readable
2010-04-15	Clean Estuaries Act of 2010H.R. 4715 · 111th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2010-04-14	Honoring the coal miners who perished in the Upper Big Branch Mine-South in Raleigh County, West Virginia, extending condolences to their families and recognizing the valiant efforts of emergency response workers at the mine disaster.H.Res. 1236 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree	Yea	Direction not readable
2010-03-12	Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments ActH.R. 3650 · 111th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2010-03-09	Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments ActH.R. 3650 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Climate action
2009-12-02	To prohibit the importation of certain low-level radioactive waste into the United StatesH.R. 515 · 111th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Direction not readable
2009-10-22	Solar Technology Roadmap ActH.R. 3585 · 111th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2009-10-22	Providing for the consideration of the bill H.R. 3585, the Solar Technology Roadmap ActH.Res. 846 · 111th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Yea	Direction not readable
2009-10-22	Providing for the consideration of the bill H.R. 3585, the Solar Technology Roadmap ActH.Res. 846 · 111th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Yea	Direction not readable
2009-06-26	American Clean Energy and Security ActH.R. 2454 · 111th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2009-06-26	American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009H.R. 2454 · 111th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
2009-03-12	Federal Water Pollution Control Act Authorization AmendmentsH.R. 1262 · 111th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2009-03-12	Water Quality Investment Act of 2009H.R. 1262 · 111th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
2008-09-29	To prohibit the sale, distribution,transfer, and export of elemental mercury, and for other purposesS. 906 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-09-28	Great Lakes Legacy Reauthorization Act of 2008H.R. 6460 · 110th Congress · Suspend the Rules and Concur in the Senate Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-09-26	Renewable Energy and Job Creation Tax Act of 2008H.R. 7060 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2008-09-26	Renewable Energy and Job Creation Tax Act of 2008H.R. 7060 · 110th Congress · Table Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-09-18	Great Lakes Legacy Reauthorization Act of 2008H.R. 6460 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-06-12	Authorizing the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to accept, as part of a settlement, diesel emission reduction Supplemental Environmental Projects, and for other purposes.S. 2146 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Climate action
2008-05-21	Renewable Energy and Job Creation ActH.R. 6049 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2008-05-21	Renewable Energy and Job Creation ActH.R. 6049 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Nay	Direction not readable
2008-04-16	Beach Protection ActH.R. 2537 · 110th Congress · Sustaining the Ruling of the Chair	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-04-10	Beach Protection Act of 2008H.R. 2537 · 110th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-02-27	Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008H.R. 5351 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2008-02-27	Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008H.R. 5351 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Nay	Direction not readable
2008-02-27	Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008H.R. 5351 · 110th Congress · Table the Appeal of the Ruling of the Chair	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-02-27	Providing for the consideration of H.R. 5351, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax ActH.Res. 1001 · 110th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-02-27	Providing for the consideration of H.R. 5351, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax ActH.Res. 1001 · 110th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-02-27	Providing for the consideration of H.R. 5351, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax ActH.Res. 1001 · 110th Congress · Will the House Now Consider the Resolution	Yea	Direction not readable
2008-02-14	To make technical corrections to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide ActS. 2571 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-08-04	Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2007H.R. 2776 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2007-08-04	Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2007H.R. 2776 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Nay	Direction not readable
2007-08-04	Providing for consideration of H.R. 3221, Energy Policy Act and H.R. 2776, to provide tax incentives for the production of renewable energy and energy conservationH.Res. 615 · 110th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-08-04	Providing for consideration of H.R. 3221, Energy Policy Act and H.R. 2776, to provide tax incentives for the production of renewable energy and energy conservationH.Res. 615 · 110th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-03-09	Water Quality Financing Act of 2007H.R. 720 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-03-09	Water Quality Financing Act of 2007H.R. 720 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Nay	Direction not readable
2007-03-09	Water Quality Financing Act of 2007H.R. 720 · 110th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
2007-03-08	To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to extend the pilot program for alternative water source projects.H.R. 700 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-03-08	To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to extend the pilot program for alternative water source projects.H.R. 700 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-03-08	Healthy Communities Water Supply Act of 2007H.R. 700 · 110th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
2007-03-07	Water Quality Investment ActH.R. 569 · 110th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Climate action
2007-03-07	Water Quality Investment ActH.R. 569 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Yea	Direction not readable
2007-03-07	Water Quality Investment Act of 2007H.R. 569 · 110th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
2007-02-07	Methamphetamine Remediation Research ActH.R. 365 · 110th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Direction not readable
2004-06-15	To provide that in preparing an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement required under section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 with respect to any action authorizing a renewable energy project, no Federal agency is required to identify alternative project locations etc...H.R. 4513 · 108th Congress · On Passage	Nay	Direction not readable
2004-06-15	Providing for the consideration of H.R. 4513, Environmental Review for Renewable Energy Projects; and H.R. 4529, Arctic Coastal Plain and Surface Mining Improvement ActH.Res. 672 · 108th Congress · On Agreeing to the Resolution	Nay	Direction not readable
2004-06-15	Providing for the consideration of H.R. 4513, Environmental Review for Renewable Energy Projects; and H.R. 4529, Arctic Coastal Plain and Surface Mining Improvement ActH.Res. 672 · 108th Congress · On Ordering the Previous Question	Nay	Direction not readable
2003-05-07	Wastewater Treatment Works Security ActH.R. 866 · 108th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Direction not readable
2002-09-10	Temporary Waiver for New York Areas for Clean Air Transportation Conformity and Metropolitan Planning RequirementsH.R. 3880 · 107th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Fossil fuel priority
2001-05-22	Small Business Liability Protection ActH.R. 1831 · 107th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-09-26	Small Business Liability Relief Act — H R 5175 QUESTION: MOTION TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS, AS AMENDED SMALL BUSINESS LIABILITY RELIEF ACTH.R. 5175 · 106th Congress · Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Nay	Direction not readable
2000-05-09	Long Island Sound Restoration Act — H R 3313 QUESTION: ON MOTION TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS, AS AMENDED LONG ISLAND SOUND RESTORATION ACTH.R. 3313 · 106th Congress · On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-05-04	Florida Keys Water Quality Improvements Act — H R 673 QUESTION: ON PASSAGE FLORIDA KEYS WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS ACTH.R. 673 · 106th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-05-03	Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Act — H R 2957 QUESTION: ON PASSAGE LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN BASIN RESTORATION ACTH.R. 2957 · 106th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-04-12	Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act — H R 3039 QUESTION: ON PASSAGE CHESAPEAKE BAY RESTORATION ACTH.R. 3039 · 106th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-04-12	Clean Lakes Program Reauthorization — H R 2328 QUESTION: ON PASSAGE CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATIONH.R. 2328 · 106th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-03-22	Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2000 — S 1287 QUESTION: ON PASSAGE NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2000S. 1287 · 106th Congress · On Passage	Nay	Direction not readable
2000-03-22	Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2000 — S 1287 QUESTION: COMMIT WITH INSTRUCTIONS NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2000S. 1287 · 106th Congress · Commit with Instructions	Yea	Direction not readable
2000-03-22	Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2000 — S 1287 QUESTION: WILL THE HOUSE CONSIDER THE BILL NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2000S. 1287 · 106th Congress · Will the House Consider the Bill	Nay	Direction not readable
1998-07-23	(HOUSE REJECTED THE WAXMAN AMENDMENT THAT SOUGHT TO SPECIFY THAT ANY LIMITATION ON FUNDS TO THE EPA OR THE COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO REGULATORY DETERMINATIONS FOR MERCURY EMISSIONS, DREDGING AS A REMEDIATION TOOL, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOOD QUALITY PROTECTION ACT, REGIONAL HAZE PROGRAM, OR CLEANUP REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITIES LICENSED BY THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION.)H.R. 4194 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Climate action
1998-07-23	H.R.4194 BY LEWIS, JERRY (R-CA) -- APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF VETERANS AFFAIRS AND HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR 1999, PROVISION HOUSING OPPORTUNITY AND RESPONSIBILITY ACT OF 1997 COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS AGAINST CRIME ACT OF 1997 (PUB. L. 105-276, APPROVED 10/21/98) (HOUSE AGREED TO THE OBEY AMENDMENT THAT SPECIFIES THAT ANY LIMITATION ON FUNDING TO EPA OR THE COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH OR INFORMATIONAL SEMINARS.)H.R. 4194 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Climate action
1998-05-20	(HOUSE AGREED TO THE GILMAN AMENDMENT THAT PROHIBITS ANY PROCUREMENT, TRAINING, OR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE RESTRICTIONS ON U.S. ARMED FORCES UNDER THE KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. .)H.R. 3616 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Fossil fuel priority
1997-10-30	Nuclear Waste Policy Act — (HOUSE PASSED H.R. 1270, TO AMEND THE NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY ACT OF 1982. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Passage	Yea	Direction not readable
1997-10-30	Nuclear Waste Policy Act — (HOUSE REJECTED THE MARKEY MOTION TO RECOMMIT THE BILL TO THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO REPORT IT BACK TO THE HOUSE FORTHWITH WITH AN AMENDMENT THAT SPECIFIES THAT CONTRACTORS TRANSPORTING SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL OR HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE UNDER ANY SUCH CONTRACT SHALL NOT BE INDEMNIFIED UNDER SECTION 170D OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY ACT OF 1954 FOR ANY LIABILITY RESULTING FROM NEGLIGENCE, GROSS NEGLIGENCE, OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH TRANSPORTATION. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Motion to Recommit with Instructions	Nay	Direction not readable
1997-10-30	(HOUSE AGREED TO THE TRAFICANT AMENDMENT, DEBATED ON OCTOBER 29, THAT EXPRESSES THE SENSE OF CONGRESS THAT ALL MATERIAL AND SERVICES PURCHASED PURSUANT TO THE BILL SHOULD BE FROM THE UNITED STATES; REQUIRES A NOTICE DESCRIBING THE REQUIREMENT TO PURCHASE AMERICAN-MADE EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCTS; AND PROHIBITS CONTRACTS WITH PERSONS FALSELY LABELING PRODUCTS AS MADE IN AMERICA. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Yea	Direction not readable
1997-10-30	(HOUSE REJECTED THE GIBBONS AMENDMENT, DEBATED ON OCTOBER 29, THAT SOUGHT TO DELETE THE 1 MILL CAP AND GIVE THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY THE AUTHORITY TO ASSESS A FEE ON THE EXISTING REACTORS. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
1997-10-30	(HOUSE REJECTED THE MARKEY AMENDMENT, DEBATED ON OCTOBER 29, THAT SOUGHT TO STRIKE PROVISIONS THAT PREVENT THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY FROM SETTING RADIATION PROTECTION STANDARDS. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
1997-10-30	(HOUSE REJECTED THE ENSIGN AMENDMENT, DEBATED ON OCTOBER 29, THAT SOUGHT TO REQUIRE THAT BEFORE ANY SHIPMENTS OCCUR, CONGRESS MUST HAVE APPROPRIATED FUNDS TO ENSURE ADEQUATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS ALONG THE TRANSPORTATION ROUTE. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable
1997-10-30	(HOUSE REJECTED THE GIBBONS AMENDMENT, DEBATED ON OCTOBER 29, THAT SOUGHT TO SPECIFY THAT THE GOVERNOR OF EACH STATE WITH NUCLEAR WASTE ROUTES SHALL CERTIFY THAT EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS EXIST AND CAN MANAGE ANY NUCLEAR ACCIDENT BEFORE TRANSPORTATION CAN BE IMPLEMENTED. .)H.R. 1270 · 105th Congress · On Agreeing to the Amendment	Nay	Direction not readable

Sorted newest first. “Counted as” is which end of the Climate action / Fossil fuel priority axis the vote moved this member toward, using the direction recorded for this issue on that roll call. Open any row to see the full measure, the tally, and the reason that direction was assigned.