| 2012-05-24 | A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to extend the reduced interest rate for Federal Direct Stafford Loans, and for other purposes.S. 2343 · 112th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2012-05-24 | In the nature of a substitute.S. 2343 · 112th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2012-05-08 | A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to extend the reduced interest rate for Federal Direct Stafford Loans, and for other purposes.S. 2343 · 112th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2011-08-02 | An act to provide for budget control.S. 365 · 112th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2009-03-26 | A bill entitled "The Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act, an Act to reauthorize and reform the national service laws."H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2009-03-26 | To prohibit ACORN, or organizations affiliated or co-located with ACORN, from receiving assistance under this Act.H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2009-03-26 | To express the sense of the Senate regarding the Federal income tax deduction for charitable giving.H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2009-03-26 | To express the sense of the Senate regarding the Federal income tax charitable giving.H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2009-03-25 | To clarify that nonprofit organizations assisted under the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program include certain crisis pregnancy centers, and organizations that serve battered women or victims of rape or incest.H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2009-03-25 | To increase the borrowing authority of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and for other purposes.H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2009-03-23 | A bill to reauthorize and reform the national service laws.H.R. 1388 · 111th Congress · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2008-07-31 | A bill to amend and extend the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes.H.R. 4137 · 110th Congress · On the Conference Report | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2008-03-13 | To put children ahead of millionaires and billionaires by restoring the pre-2001 top income tax rate for people earning over $1 million, and use this revenue to invest in LIHEAP; IDEA; Head Start; Child Care; nutrition; school construction and deficit reduction.S.Con.Res. 70 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2008-03-13 | To protect families, family farms and small businesses by extending the income tax rate structure, raising the death tax exemption to $5 million and reducing the maximum death tax rate to no more than 35%; to keep education affordable by extending the college tuition deduction; and to protect senior citizens from higher taxes on their retirement income, maintain U.S. financial market competitiveness, and promote economic growth by extending the lower tax rates on dividends and capital gains.S.Con.Res. 70 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Reduce federal role |
| 2007-11-14 | A bill to reauthorize the Head Start Act, to improve program quality, to expand access, and for other purposes.H.R. 1429 · 110th Congress · On the Conference Report | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2007-09-07 | A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 601 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2008.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Conference Report | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2007-07-24 | A bill to extend the authorization of programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes.S. 1642 · 110th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2007-07-24 | To provide for a demonstration and certification regarding the use of certain Federal funds.S. 1642 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-23 | To provide for a Federal supplemental loan program.S. 1642 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2007-07-20 | A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 601 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2008.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2007-07-20 | To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the individual alternative minimum tax.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-20 | A sense of the Senate relative to the Alternative Minimum Tax.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to require individuals voting in person to present photo identification.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To repeal the sunset of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 with respect to the expansion of the adoption credit and adoption assistance programs.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | A sense of the Senate relative to the adoption tax creditH.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To provide interim relief for shortages in employment-based visas for aliens with extraordinary ability and advanced degrees and for nurses.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To permanently extend certain education-related tax incentives.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Reduce federal role |
| 2007-07-19 | A sense of the Senate relative to tax policy.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To reduce document fraud, prevent identity theft, and preserve the integrity of the Social Security system, by ensuring that individuals are not able to receive Social Security benefits as a result of unlawful activity.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | Relative to illegal aliens qualifying for Social Security benefits; and Relative to I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To provide limited immunity for reports of suspicious behavior and response.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To amend the National Labor Relations Act to ensure the right of employees to a secret-ballot election conducted by the National Labor Relations Board.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To express the sense of the Senate on the detainees of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To prevent the Federal Communications Commission from repromulgating the fairness doctrine.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To strike the provisions relating to loan forgiveness for public service employees.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 2007-07-19 | To amend the special allowance payments.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To amend the amounts appropriated for Promise Grants for fiscal years 2014 through 2017.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-07-19 | To increase the amount appropriated for the college access partnership grant program.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2007-07-18 | A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 601 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2008.H.R. 2669 · 110th Congress · On the Motion to Proceed | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2007-03-21 | To protect families, family farms and small businesses by raising the death tax exemption to $5 million and reducing the maximum death tax rate to no more than 35%, to extend college tuition deduction, to extend the student loan interest deduction, to extend the teacher classroom deduction, to protect senior citizens from higher taxes on their retirement income, to maintain U.S. financial market competitiveness, and to promote economic growth by extending the lower tax rates on dividends and capital gains.S.Con.Res. 21 · 110th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Reduce federal role |
| 2006-03-14 | To support college access and job training by: (1) restoring program cuts slated for vocational education, TRIO, GEAR UP, Perkins Loans, and other student aid programs; (2) increasing investment in student aid programs, including increasing the maximum Pell Grant to $4,500; and (3) restoring cuts slated for job training programs; paid for by closing $6.3 billion in corporate tax loopholes.S.Con.Res. 83 · 109th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2005-10-26 | To increase appropriations for Head Start programs.H.R. 3010 · 109th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2005-10-25 | To increase the maximum Federal Pell Grant award by $200 to $4,250.H.R. 3010 · 109th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2004-05-13 | A bill to reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other purposes.H.R. 1350 · 108th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2004-05-12 | to amend part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to reach full Federal funding of such part in 6 years, and for other purposes.S. 1248 · 108th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2004-05-12 | To authorize appropriations for part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.S. 1248 · 108th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2004-03-11 | To create a reserve fund to finance an increase in the maximum Pell Grant that keeps pace with the rate of increase in public college tuition, extend Pell Grants to 500,000 new recipients, and close certain tax loopholes.S.Con.Res. 95 · 108th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2004-03-10 | To fully fund the No Child Left Behind Act for fiscal year 2005 and lower the national debt by closing tax loopholes.S.Con.Res. 95 · 108th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2003-09-10 | To provide additional funding for teacher quality programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the Higher Education Act of 1965 and for the Mathematics and Science Partnerships and the school leadership program under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.H.R. 2660 · 108th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2003-09-09 | To increase funds for Head Start.H.R. 2660 · 108th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2003-06-20 | A bill to establish academies for teachers and students of American history and civics and a national alliance of teachers of American history and civics, and for other purposes.S. 504 · 108th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2003-05-15 | To improve access to higher education for middle-income families by making resources available to expand the Hope and Lifetime Learning Scholarship Credits and for lower-income families by making resources available to increase the maximum Pell Grant to $4500 and to provide an equal amount for deficit reduction by eliminating the 10 percent dividend tax exclusion for amounts above $500 and eliminating acceleration of the 38.6 percent income tax rate education.S. 1054 · 108th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2003-03-25 | To increase funding for after-school programs to the levels promised by the No Child Left Behind Act to serve 1.6 million more children in FY 2004 and to increase funding for Head Start to serve 80 percent of eligible 3 and 4 year olds and increase the number of infants and toddlers served and for deficit reduction.S.Con.Res. 23 · 108th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2003-03-19 | To fully fund the No Child Left Behind Act in 2004 and reduce debt by reducing tax breaks for the wealthiest taxpayers.S.Con.Res. 23 · 108th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 2000-06-28 | To provide an additional $202,000,000 to carry out title II of the Higher Education Act of 1965, relating to the training and recruitment of teachers.H.R. 4577 · 106th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2000-05-09 | To improve the bill.S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2000-05-09 | To improve the provisions relating to teachers.S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2000-05-04 | To provide for class size reduction programs.S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2000-05-04 | To reform certain State requirements relating to the use of funds to improve student academic achievement and student performance and to coordinate professional development activities.S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 2000-05-04 | To provide for merit school programs for rewarding all teachers in schools that improve student achievement for all students.S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 2000-05-03 | To improve the bill.S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 2000-05-03 | To strengthen the Academic Achievement for All Demonstration Act (Straight A's Act).S. 2 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Reduce federal role |
| 2000-04-07 | To reduce the GOP tax cut by less than 1 percent in FY2001, and 1.8 percent over 5 years, to increase the Pell grant maximum by a total of $400- raising the basic Pell grant from the current $3,300 to $3,700.S.Con.Res. 101 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1999-10-06 | To increase funding for title II of the Higher Education Act of 1965.S. 1650 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-09-27 | A resolution to express the sense of the Senate regarding education funding.S.Res. 187 · 106th Congress · On the Resolution | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 1999-09-27 | A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.S.Res. 186 · 106th Congress · On the Resolution | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 1999-05-18 | To allow the erecting of an appropriate and constitutional permanent memorial on the campus of any public school to honor students and teachers who have been murdered at school, and to allow students, faculty, and administrative staff of a public school to hold an appropriate and constitutional memorial service on their campus to honor students and teachers who have been murdered at their school.S. 254 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 1999-04-27 | A concurrent resolution expressing the sense of Congress with respect to the tragic shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado.H.Con.Res. 92 · 106th Congress · On the Concurrent Resolution | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 1999-04-21 | A bill to provide for education flexibility partnerships.H.R. 800 · 106th Congress · On the Conference Report | Yea | Reduce federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | A bill to provide for education flexibility partnerships.H.R. 800 · 106th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Reduce federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To provide accountability in Ed-Flex.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To assist local educational agencies to help all students achieve State achievement standards, to end the practice of social promotion, and for other purposes.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To provide all local educational agencies with the option to use the funds received under section 307 of the Department of Education Appropriations Act, 1999, for activities under part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and to amend the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act with respect to alternative educational settings.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To improve academic and social outcomes for students and reduce both juvenile crime and the risk that youth will become victims of crime by providing productive activities during after school hours.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To provide for the school dropout prevention, and for other purposes.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To provide all local educational agencies with the option to use the funds received under section 307 of the Department of Education Appropriations Act, 1999, for activities under part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To reduce class size, and for other purposes.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-11 | To express the sense of the Senate regarding flexibility to use certain Federal education funds to carry out part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, adn to provide all local educational agencies with the option to use the funds received under section 307 of the Department of Education Appropriations Act, 1999, for activities under part B of the Individuals with Disabilitiesn Education Act.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 1999-03-11 | To express the sense of the Senate regarding flexibility to use certain Federal education funds to carry out part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, adn to provide all local educational agencies with the option to use the funds received under section 307 of the Department of Education Appropriations Act, 1999, for activities under part B of the Individuals with Disabilitiesn Education Act.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Yea | Direction not readable |
| 1999-03-10 | To authorize additional appropriations to carry out part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Nay | Reduce federal role |
| 1999-03-10 | A bill to provide for education flexibility partnerships.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Yea | Reduce federal role |
| 1999-03-09 | In the nature of a substitute.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 1999-03-08 | In the nature of a substitute.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Cloture Motion | Did not vote | Direction not readable |
| 1999-03-05 | To prohibit implementation of "Know Your Customer" regulations by the Federal banking agencies.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Direction not readable |
| 1999-03-04 | To provide that the Secretary of Education shall prescribe requirements on how States will provide for public comments and notice.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-04 | To honor the Federal commitment to fund part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1999-03-03 | To preserve accountability for funds under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.S. 280 · 106th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1998-09-29 | A bill to extend the authorization of programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes. — (SENATE AGREED TO THE CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 6, TO EXTEND THE AUTHORIZATION OF PROGRAMS UNDER THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.)H.R. 6 · 105th Congress · On the Conference Report | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1998-07-09 | A bill to extend the authorization of programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes. — (SENATE PASSED H.R. 6, TO EXTEND THE AUTORIZATION OF PROGRAMS UNDER THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.)H.R. 6 · 105th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1998-07-09 | To reduce student loan fees, and for other purposes. — (SENATE REJECTED THE HARKIN AMENDMENT NO. 3118, TO PROVIDE FOR REDUCTION IN STUDENT LOAN FEES.)S. 1882 · 105th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1998-07-09 | To ensure that secondary school teachers are sufficiently prepared during their pre-service training to have sufficient academic knowledge to be able to help their students reach high academic standards. — (SENATE REJECTED THE BINGAMAN AMENDMENT NO. 3116, TO ENSURE THAT SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ARE SUFFICIENTLY PREPARED DURING THEIR PRE-SERVICE TRAINING TO HAVE SUFFICIENT ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE TO BE ABLE TO HELP THEIR STUDENTS REACH HIGH ACADEMIC STANDARDS.)S. 1882 · 105th Congress · On the Amendment | Nay | Reduce federal role |
| 1998-07-09 | To provide for market-based determinations of lender returns. — (SENATE REJECTED THE KENNEDY AMENDMENT NO. 3119, TO PROVIDE FOR MARKET-BASED DETERMINATIONS OF LENDER RETURNS.)S. 1882 · 105th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Reduce federal role |
| 1998-07-09 | To expand the educational opportunities for welfare recipients. — (SENATE AGREED TO THE WELLSTONE AMENDMENT NO. 3111, TO EXPAND THE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WELFARE RECIPIENTS.)S. 1882 · 105th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1998-04-21 | To provide an additional 100,000, well-qualified elementary and secondary school teachers annually to the national pool of such teachers during the 10-year period beginning with 1999 through a new student loan forgiveness program. — (SENATE TABLED THE KENNEDY AMENDMENT NO. 2289, TO AUTHORIZE FUNDS TO PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 100,000 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ANNUALLY TO THE NATIONAL POOL OF SUCH TEACHERS DURING THE 10-YEAR PERIOD BEGINNING WITH 1999 THROUGH A NEW STUDENT LOAN FORGIVENESS PROGRAM.)H.R. 2646 · 105th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Nay | Expand federal role |
| 1997-09-10 | To increase funding for the Head Start Act. — (THREE-FIFTHS OF THOSE SENATORS DULY CHOSEN AND SWORN NOT HAVING VOTED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE, SENATE REJECTED A MOTION TO WAIVE THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET ACT WITH RESPECT TO CONSIDERATION OF WELLSTONE MODIFIED AMENDMENT NO. 1087, TO INCREASE FUNDING FOR THE HEAD START ACT. .)S. 1061 · 105th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1997-09-08 | To provide funding for grants to States for State Student Incentives under subpart 4 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965. — (SENATE AGREED TO THE REED AMENDMENT NO. 1096, TO PROVIDE FUNDING FOR STATE STUDENT INCENTIVE GRANTS. .)S. 1061 · 105th Congress · On the Amendment | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1997-06-25 | To improve the provisions relating to the Higher Education Act of 1965. — (THREE-FIFTHS OF THOSE SENATORS DULY CHOSEN AND SWORN NOT HAVING VOTED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE, SENATE REJECTED A MOTION TO WAIVE THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET ACT WITH RESPECT TO CONSIDERATION OF LAUTENBERG (FOR KENNEDY) AMENDMENT NO. 490, TO IMPROVE THE PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.)S. 947 · 105th Congress · On the Motion | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1997-05-14 | A bill to amend the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, to reauthorize and make improvements to that Act, and for other purposes. — (SENATE PASSED H.R. 5, TO AMEND THE INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT. .)H.R. 5 · 105th Congress · On Passage of the Bill | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1997-05-14 | To require a court in making an award under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to take into consideration the impact the granting of the award would have on the education of all children of State educational agencies and local educational agencies. — (SENATE REJECTED THE SMITH AMENDMENT NO. 245, TO REQUIRE A COURT IN MAKING AN AWARD UNDER THE INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE IMPACT THE GRANTING OF THE AWARD WOULD HAVE ON THE EDUCATION OF ALL CHILDREN OF STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES AND LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES.)S. 717 · 105th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Yea | Expand federal role |
| 1997-05-14 | To permit State and local educational agencies to establish uniform disciplinary policies. — (SENATE REJECTED THE GORTON AMENDMENT NO. 243, TO PERMIT STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES TO ESTABLISH UNIFORM DISCIPLINARY POLICIES.)S. 717 · 105th Congress · On the Motion to Table | Yea | Expand federal role |